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  1. Chemistry | Definition, Topics, Types, History, & Facts | Britannica

    Nov 8, 2025 · Cooking, fermentation, glass making, and metallurgy are all chemical processes that date from the beginnings of civilization. Today, vinyl, Teflon, liquid crystals, …

  2. Chemical compound | Definition, Examples, & Types | Britannica

    Nov 11, 2025 · All the matter in the universe is composed of the atoms of more than 100 different chemical elements, which are found both in pure form and combined in chemical compounds.

  3. Chemical reaction | Definition, Equations, Examples, & Types

    Nov 30, 2025 · Substances are either chemical elements or compounds. A chemical reaction rearranges the constituent atoms of the reactants to create different substances as products.

  4. Chemical element | Definition, Origins, Distribution, & Facts

    Nov 29, 2025 · A chemical element is any substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical processes. Elements are the fundamental materials of which …

  5. Chemical energy | Definition & Facts | Britannica

    The chemical energy in food is converted by the body into mechanical energy and heat. The chemical energy in coal is converted into electrical energy at a power plant. The chemical …

  6. Chemical formula | Definition, Types, Examples, & Facts | Britannica

    Nov 1, 2025 · Chemical formula, any of several kinds of expressions of the composition or structure of chemical compounds. The forms commonly encountered are empirical, molecular, …

  7. Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) | Britannica

    Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), international treaty that bans the use of chemical weapons in war and prohibits all development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, or transfer …

  8. Chemical weapon - WMD, Toxins, Agents | Britannica

    Chemical weapon - WMD, Toxins, Agents: Chemical weapons did not become true weapons of mass destruction (WMD) until they were introduced in their modern form in World War I …

  9. Chemical industry | Overview, Importance, & History | Britannica

    Dec 5, 2025 · Chemical industry, complex of processes, operations, and organizations engaged in the manufacture of chemicals and their derivatives. Raw materials include fossil fuels and …

  10. Chemical bonding | Definition, Types, & Examples | Britannica

    Dec 9, 2025 · This article begins by describing the historical evolution of the current understanding of chemical bonding and then discusses how modern theories of the formation …