All components in the circuit have a resistance. And in an exam question, they might actually ask you to calculate or explain the resistance of something like a lamp. ELLIE: Right.

He also realized a whole circuit could be made on a single chip. While Kilby had hammered out the details of making individual components, Noyce thought of a much better way to connect the parts.

To investigate the electrical realm of high-frequency and high-voltage, Tesla invented an apparatus that pushed the limits of electrical understanding. None of the circuit's typical components ...