Background and objectives: Hyperekplexia and the stiff-man syndrome (SMS) are both conditions with exaggerated startle suggesting abnormal brainstem function. Investigation of brainstem reflexes may ...

Clonus causes involuntary, rhythmic muscle contractions when a muscle is stretched. It is often observed in conditions like multiple sclerosis, stroke, and cerebral palsy. Clonus can be diagnosed by ...

Have you ever wondered why your leg kicks when the doctor taps your knee with that little rubber hammer? It's because of your reflex. A reflex is an involuntary (say: in-VAHL-un-ter-ee), or automatic, ...