Since newborn infants cannot express their pain with words, staff need to assess their pain by looking at their behaviours and vital signs instead. Many different rating scales can be used for this, ...

Purpose: To examine the issue of pain assessment in infants by acquiring all available published pain assessment tools and evaluating their reported reliability, validity, clinical utility ...

A Cochrane review reveals significant gaps in the clinical rating scales used to assess pain in newborn babies, highlighting the urgent need for improved tools and global collaboration. The review is ...

Wolfe F and Michaud K (2007) Assessment of pain in rheumatoid arthritis ... from the US have shown that the visual analog pain scale (VAS) is superior to the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form ...