Transient cell–cell interactions involving presynaptic neurons and cells that are extrinsic to the neural circuit have important roles in the assembly of the nervous system. In contrast to classically ...

As semiconductor manufacturers introduce new wireline transmission devices built on smaller CMOS geometries, more circuit protection challenges are emerging. This article explores five frequently ...

Reference [1] describes a process for the design of lightning protection that transforms the transient experienced by the components during the lightning test transient into the reference transients ...

The rate of transient occurrences varies with every power system. Recent studies show that surges of 1kV or less are common — whereas 3kV surges are rare. Protecting against more frequent (internally ...