(Letters of reprisal were similar but more limited ... and even ships hauling drugs into the United States, and sea-based operations could intercept them, just like the privateers of old.

The Congress shall have Power To ...grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal.... At the time of the Founding, the sovereign of any nation could authorize holders of “letters of marque and reprisal ...

After negotiations to extend the first phase of a ceasefire deadlocked, Israel conducted airstrikes against terrorist groups ...