As you read this, the North American continent’s underside is dribbling away into Earth’s molten mantle. And according to ...

Earth’s uppermost layer, the lithosphere, is made up of the rigid crust and the top part of the mantle, which is in a denser, but more fluid state. This layer also contains Earth’s oceanic ...

The oldest crust on Earth, known to be unchanging ... we have a better representation of that important zone between the deep ...