Philosophers like Johann Gottleib Fichte, Georg Hegel and Slavoj Žižek argue that societies function as collective consciousnesses, shaped by historical and ideological conditions. Just as individuals ...

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A liberalism that fails to answer the question of meaning opens the door to authoritarian temptation. Liberalism is often hailed as the great success story of modernity. It freed people from feudal ...

When I taught Contemporary Civilization, Columbia University’s core courses on political and moral philosophy from Plato through Freud, officially and awkwardly called “Introduction to Contemporary ...

Kevin M. Schultz is Chair of the Department of History at the University of Illinois Chicago, where he specialises in 20th- and 21st-century American history. In Why Everyone Hates White Liberals ...