There are two main types of fluid flow - laminar flow, in which the fluid flows smoothly in layers, and turbulent flow, which is characterised by chaotic motion and large amounts of mixing.

Turbulent flow while proceeding in a particular direction, like laminar flow, has the added complexity of random velocity fluctuations. The flow patterns never repeat themselves. To convince yourself ...

Reynolds Number: A dimensionless quantity used to predict flow patterns in different fluid flow situations, indicating whether the flow is laminar or turbulent. Large-Eddy Simulation (LES): A ...

Moreover, the study of extreme events in transitional turbulence has revealed that the likelihood of transitioning between laminar and turbulent states is highly dependent on the Reynolds number.

What has happened? The phenomenon is related to the differences between laminar and turbulent boundary layer. The boundary layer and its interaction with the local pressure gradient plays a major role ...

His experiments showed that as the input water velocity increased, the flow went from laminar (smooth and predictable) to turbulent (unsteady and unpredictable) through the development of ...

A turbulent air assist can make scorch marks worse, not better. 3D-printed nozzle to promote laminar air flow on the left, stock nozzle on the right. As an experiment to improve the quality of the ...