When seawater penetrates concrete in road tunnels, a biofilm is formed that breaks down the concrete. This can lead to high ...

This way, engineers can figure out where the water needs to flow below ground in tunnels, on the surface ... to ensure that the water, pulled by gravity, makes its way gradually downhill to ...

The thinking was to replace the raised outfall canals with much deeper concrete flumes to achieve gravity flow to the lakefront. Using tunnels would likely be a far less expensive means to ...

The tunnel would be operated by gravity flow, eliminating the need for additional lifting costs, which would save approximately Rs 200 crore annually. This project is expected to benefit the ...