All components in the circuit have a resistance. And in an exam question, they might actually ask you to calculate or explain the resistance of something like a lamp. ELLIE: Right.

Through-hole assembly means bending leads on components and putting the leads through holes in the circuit board, then soldering them in place, and trimming the wires. That took up too much space a… ...

He also realized a whole circuit could be made on a single chip. While Kilby had hammered out the details of making individual components, Noyce thought of a much better way to connect the parts.