Saxitoxin - Wikipedia
WEBSaxitoxin (STX) is a potent neurotoxin and the best-known paralytic shellfish toxin. Ingestion of saxitoxin by humans, usually by consumption of shellfish contaminated by toxic algal blooms, is responsible for the illness known as …
Case Definition: Saxitoxin Poisoning - CDC
WEBCase Definition: Saxitoxin. Clinical description. Exposure to saxitoxin most commonly occurs following ingestion of certain fish that contain it in their tissues. Ingestion of saxitoxin can cause numbness of the oral mucosa as quickly as 30 minutes after exposure.
Saxitoxin - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
WEBSaxitoxin is a potent toxin that inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, leading to the blockage of nerve impulse conduction. It is produced by dinoflagellates and can cause neurologic and respiratory paralysis in cases of poisoning.
An Overview on the Marine Neurotoxin, Saxitoxin: Genetics, Molecular ...
WEBMar 27, 2013 · Saxitoxin and its derivatives, collectively referred to as paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), are unique among neurotoxins in that they are found in both marine and freshwater environments by organisms inhabiting two kingdoms of life.
Structure of the saxiphilin:saxitoxin (STX) complex reveals a
WEBSaxitoxin (STX), a bis-guanidinium small molecule produced by brackish and freshwater cyanobacteria and oceanic dinoflagelates associated with red tides, is one of the most lethal neurotoxins, causes paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), and is the only marine toxin that is declared a chemical weapon (1, 2).
Saxitoxin | C10H17N7O4 | CID 56947150 - PubChem
WEBSaxitoxin | C10H17N7O4 | CID 56947150 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more.
Neurotoxic Alkaloids: Saxitoxin and Its Analogs - PMC
WEBJul 20, 2010 · Saxitoxin (STX) and its 57 analogs are a broad group of natural neurotoxic alkaloids, commonly known as the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). PSTs are the causative agents of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and are mostly associated with marine dinoflagellates (eukaryotes) and freshwater cyanobacteria (prokaryotes), which form …
Saxitoxin and Other Paralytic Toxins: Toxicological Profile
WEBFeb 2, 2016 · Harmful algal blooms of these species (named “red tides”) produce accumulation of saxitoxins in shellfish, fishes, and other organisms. Ingestion of contaminated tissues may lead to paralytic shellfish poison intoxications in humans and deaths by muscle paralysis and cardiorespiratory failure.
Saxitoxin Exposure Confirmed by Human Urine and Food Analysis
WEBSep 9, 2018 · Abstract. A case of an elderly female with suspected paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is presented. The patient shared a meal of recreationally-harvested shellfish with her family and soon began to experience nausea and weakness.
Freshwater neurotoxins and concerns for human, animal, and …
WEBSep 20, 2020 · Saxitoxin (MW = 299), is the most researched paralytic shellfish toxin (PST), and its analogues have varying levels of toxicity, with saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin being the most potent (Wiese et al., 2010; Ballot et al., 2017).
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